首页
登录
职称英语
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
游客
2023-12-14
23
管理
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several cross-disciplinary fields of linguistics.
1. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and (1)______ in language
within a society or community.
Examining the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve (2)______.
2. Psycholinguistics
Studying language processing and its interaction
with (3)______mental processes, for instance, studies
of children’s language acquisition and SLA.
3. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic
studies, (4)______, bringing forth machine translation
systems and machines that (’ 5) ______ and produce
speech and text, which may help those with perceptual or linguistical impairment.
4. Applied Linguistics
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve
SLA (6)______, especially focusing on motivation,
(7)______, learning style, and personality.
5. (8)______Linguistics
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time.
6. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one
major concern to analyze the (9)______ of possible
word order combinations.
7. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is (10) ______ and
represented in the brain. [br]
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning. We’ll continue with our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics; descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. The many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use. It also (2) examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as " fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and (3) linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities. (4) Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances. (5) Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics. (6) Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence. (7) In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share. (9) Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object (SVO) order as English does (like"She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb (SOV) order or the verb-subject-object (VSO) order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics. (10) Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language (phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax) are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
efficacy
解析
根据句(6)可知,应用语言学是将语言学理论与方法运用于提高第二语言习得的整体效率上,故答案为efficacy。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3271314.html
相关试题推荐
Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothes
Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothes
Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothes
SchoolinginAustraliabetweentheagesof6and15is______.A、freeB、expensive
ThetradeandinvestmentrelationshipbetweentheEuropeanUnionandtheUnit
CourseinGeneralLinguisticswaswrittenby______.A、HallidayB、ChomskyC、Sapir
Betweenabout1920to1930,newartistic【M1】______movementsinEuropean
Betweenabout1920to1930,newartistic【M1】______movementsinEuropean
Betweenabout1920to1930,newartistic【M1】______movementsinEuropean
Betweenabout1920to1930,newartistic【M1】______movementsinEuropean
随机试题
新中国成立后,中国政府一直致力于提高女性的社会地位。经过多年的努力,女性群体在社会各个领域产生了不可忽视的力量。近年来,越来越多的女性在政府部门任职,参
A.胃黏膜萎缩 B.恶性贫血 C.两者皆有 D.两者皆无A型萎缩性胃炎(
热水袋之于()相当于彩色铅笔之于()A.
图示为一平面简谐机械波在t时刻的波形曲线,若此时A点处媒质质元的振动动能在增大,
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
下边四个图形中,只有一个是由上边的四个图形拼合(只能通过上、下、左、右平移)而成
根据《农村土地承包法》,土地经营权流转的期限为( )。A.30年 B.永久
甲公司拥有一幢商住综合楼,该综合楼于2012年8月底竣工后对外出租。2014年9
为了减轻家庭负担,小肖初中毕业后就外出打工,一直在玩具厂的生产线上工作,最近,因
()具体表现为机构臃肿、人浮于事、生产效率下降。A.人力资源供求平衡 B.人
最新回复
(
0
)