2. 职称英语
  3. The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and ca

The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and ca

游客2023-12-08  20
问题    The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest. Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in others, such as meeting with a superior.
   Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood. A lowered head when speaking to a superior(with or without eye contact)can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.
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答案     会话者交谈时身体距离的远近可以传达许多含义，说话者可刻意通过身体距离来传达会话意图。比如说，对许多人来说近距离意味着亲密或是成胁，而保持距离则表示庄重或是缺乏兴趣。距离的远近既是个人习惯问题，又常常受到文化限制，因此在一种文化中看上去十分正常的距离，对来自另一种文化的会话者来说，可能会显得过近或者过远。在某些场合中，比如非正式聚会上，站得近是合适得体的，但是在诸如和上司会面这样的场合中，就适得其反了。
    身体姿势也可以传达意义。耸肩和垂头都能明显地表露情绪。在某些文化中，和上司讲话时，颔首低头(有无眼神交流皆可)能体现得体的人际关系。
解析     本文讨论的是人际交往中的非语言交际特征，如会话者的身体距离和身体姿势等。语言风格客观平实，措词简洁，相对比较容易翻译．全文总共有七句话。
1．第一句中的physical distance指说话人之间的距离，故翻译成“身体距离”，不能译成“物理距离”。intent可以翻译为“会话意图”。
2．第三句的主句由两个并列分句组成，该句又包含so that引导的结果状语从句，翻译成汉语时，可以根据汉语的表达习惯进行拆译。
3．第四句是简单句，out of place在没有语境的情况下一般翻译成“不合时宜”，在本文的语境中是appropriate的反义表达，可以灵活地处理成“适得其反”。
4．第二段第二句中的hunched shoulders和a hanging head可以分别翻译成“耸肩”和“垂头”；原文中的名词indication可转译成汉语的动词“表露”，相应地，形容词powerful转译成副词“明显地”。
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