2. 职称英语
  3. 筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。 几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元

筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。 几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元

游客2023-11-25  17
问题     筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。
    几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元前11世纪～公元前3世纪)筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜，而米饭则用手来取而食之。
    这一时期的筷子叫作“箸”，与“住”字谐音。可这个“住”字在船上被列为禁忌语，因为船是不可以在航行途中打住不前的，人们因而改“箸”字为“筷”字，与“快”字谐音，此后人们在“筷”字后又添加了后缀词“子”。中国许多厨房用品的名称都带：有后缀词“子”，如“杯子”、“盘子”、“锅子”、“桌子”等等。
    全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的筷子通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木筷来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变色反应。
选项
答案     Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool at the Chinese dining table.
    For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks as the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-sized morsels of food from a bowl to the mouth. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty (11th~3rd century B. C), chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetable, while hands were used for rice.
    The Chinese term for chopsticks during this period was zhu, a character whose sound was homonymous with another word meaning "to stop". Since this character was taboo on ships, which were not supposed to stop en route, it was changed to kuai, a word homonymous with another word meaning "quick". Then, another character zi was added as a sort of suffix, as occurs with the names of many common objects, such as beizi (cup), panzi (plate), guozi (pot), zhuozi (table), etc.
    Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silver and gold. Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen. In the past, wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread were used to test whether poison was put in a meal, since silver reacts to a number of poisonous substances by changing its color.
解析 背景介绍
    人类用餐时的餐具，东、西方国家有很大差异，西方多用叉和勺，而东方人多用筷子。特别是中国人，对筷子更不陌生，因为它是中国人发明的一种非常有特色的夹取食物的用具，在世界各国的餐具中独具风采，被誉为“中华文明的精华”。本篇介绍了“筷子”这一名称的来历、筷子用材的种类等。
难点解析
-  最有特色的用餐工具：译为“the most distinctive eating tool”，其中“distin-ctive”表示“serving to mark a difference or make distinct(区别的；有特色的)”。
-  饭：可以译为“rice”，但稍显单薄，因为本篇旨在向人们深入介绍筷子的由来。  “bite-sized morsels of food”似乎更符合语篇特色，其中“morsel”指“tiny piece(esp．of food)；mouthful(一小块食物；一口)”。
-  一直视筷子为一种……最简单同时也是最有效的工具：  “一直”提示译者时态应为现在完成时，译为“have always regarded…the simplest possible and the most efficient tool”。
-  这一时期的筷子叫作“箸”：此处“箸”是专门用语，因此，  “叫作……”可译为“a term for sth．”，  “term”表示“word used to express an idea，esp．a specialized concept(名词；术语)”。故译成“The Chinese term for chopsticks during this period was zhu”。
-  与“住”字谐音：  “住”与“箸”谐音，所以，翻译时不必出现两次汉语拼音，  “住”仅出现其含义即可，故译为：  “a character whose sound was homonymous with another word meaning‘to stop’”。
-  因为船是不可以在航行途中打住不前的：前后两句都出现了“船”，在英文里可以舍弃原因状语从句，而启用非限制性定语从句，使译文紧凑、明了，故译为“which were not supposed to stop en route”。其中“be not supposed to”表示“not be allowed to do(不被许可)”；“enroute”表示“on the way(在途中)”。
-  此后人们在“筷”字后又添加了后缀词“子”：中文出现词缀的现象虽远不如英文，但也不是完全没有，像这里的“子”就是后缀(suffix)。译为“Then，another character zi was added as a sort of suffix．”。
-  全国各地的筷子大小基本一样：  “在……方面一样”译为“be uniform in…”，故译为“Chopsticks，which are roughly uniform in size throughout China”。
-  漆器：lacquer。
-  象牙：ivory。
-  铝：aluminum。
-  嵌有银器的木筷：  “嵌有银器”指“嵌有银丝”，故译为“wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread”。其中“inlay”表示“set pieces of (designs in)wood，metal，etc．in the surface of another kind of wood，metal，etc．so that the resulting surface is smooth and even(镶；嵌)”，“inlay”的过去式、过去分词均为“inlaid”。
-  因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变色反应：  “起反应”可译为“react to”，  “起变色反应”译为“react to sth．by changing color”。故整个分句译为“since silver reacts to a number of poisonous substances by changing its color”。
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