首页
登录
职称英语
A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the Uni
A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the Uni
游客
2023-11-22
35
管理
问题
A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England’ s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb. England already had a military imperial policy for mote than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 as’ the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England’ s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "Garrison government." Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb’ s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison," that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor’ s command.
According to Webb, the purpose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the upper classes in the American colonies. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive. It was, according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer, opposed the plantation system and tried through taxation to break up large holdings of land. Backed by the military presence of the garrison, these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants allied in the colonial assemblies from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy.
Webb’s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crowns use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing. England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements. Cromwell did mount England’s most ambitious overseas military expedition in more than a century, but it proved to be an utter failure. Under Charles Ⅱ, the English army was too small to be a major instrument of government. Not until the war with France in 1597 did William Ⅲ persuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliament’ s price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative control. While it may be true that the crown attempted to curtail the power of the colonial upper classes, it is hard to imagine how the English army during the seventeenth century could have provided significant military support for such a policy. [br] The author suggests that if William III had wanted to make use of the standing army mentioned in paragraph three to administer Garrison government in the American colonies, he would have had to______.
选项
A、abolish the colonial legislative assemblies
B、make peace with France
C、appoint colonial governors who were more sympathetic to royal policy
D、seek approval from the English Parliament
答案
D
解析
根据文章中“Not until the war with Prance in 1597 did William Ⅲ persuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliament’s price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative control.”一句话可知英国军队是受议会严格控制的,因此William Ⅲ 要动用军队必须取得议会的同意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3210659.html
相关试题推荐
AccordingtoOxfordEnglishDictionary,bookis""awrittenorprintedtrea
AccordingtoOxfordEnglishDictionary,bookis""awrittenorprintedtrea
AccordingtoOxfordEnglishDictionary,bookis""awrittenorprintedtrea
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelist,whospentherlifeinmiddle-classsoc
随机试题
Ifthebatik’sstatementagreeswithmybankbalance,itdoesnotfollowindispu
[originaltext]SouthKoreanlaw-makersmountedalash-ditchat-temptto
【B1】[br]【B19】A、whatB、whenC、whyD、howC结构衔接题[考频:16]。“This”指前面两句话,空格前是结果,空格后是原
By2010,halftherecoverablematerialinBritain’sdustbinswillberecycle
低压机械应急启动装置是在接触器上加装机械装置,所需的电源是()。A.380
6个月女婴,发热、咳喘2天住院,半日来喘憋加重,食欲尚好,未吐泻。查体:体温38
绿色“希望工程”是指___________。
患者,女性,40岁,自感头晕,诊断为低血压。符合低血压诊断标准的是A.收缩压
面痛气血瘀滞者,应在主方的基础上加( ) A.阳白、外关 B.列缺 C.
(2020年真题)企业为取得合同发生的增量成本预期能够收回的,应作为合同履约成本
最新回复
(
0
)