首页
登录
职称英语
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, ,after their first rapid deve
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, ,after their first rapid deve
游客
2023-11-20
68
管理
问题
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, ,after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to sc-called historical accidents to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction--by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation--these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent time.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of "facts" and "theories" or "facts" and "ideas"--in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact. [br] The difference between "fact" and "theory" ______.
选项
A、is that the latter needs confirmation
B、rests on the simplicity of the former
C、is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks
D、helps us to understand the deductive method
答案
A
解析
细节理解题。答案在第四、五段,通过一系列论述证明后者的结论尚待证实。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3202261.html
相关试题推荐
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevel
Statisticsisadiscipline______alltheothersciences.A、affectedB、affecting
Youhavetobe______whenyoutrytoworkoutmathematicalformulas.A、reasonabl
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,,aftertheirfirstrapiddeve
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,,aftertheirfirstrapiddeve
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,,aftertheirfirstrapiddeve
Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyconnected.Mybook"Lat
Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyconnected.Mybook"Lat
Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyconnected.Mybook"Lat
Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyconnected.Mybook"Lat
随机试题
(1)Israelisa"powerhouseofagriculturaltechnology",saysAbrahamGoren
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore
SophyBrentcametovisitmenearlyeveryday.She【C1】______meunbearablymo
甲有限责任公司根据其与外商签订的投资合同,外商将分两次投入外币资本,投资合同约定
肺主通调水道的功能主要依赖于A.肺主一身之气 B.肺司呼吸 C.肺输精于皮毛
方中均含有麻黄与桂枝的是A.小青龙汤和大青龙汤 B.地黄饮子和桑螵蛸散
下列降压药物中,属于α受体阻滞剂的是A.特拉唑嗪 B.替米沙坦 C.阿米洛利
共用题干 许某,59岁,近日来大便发黑,怀疑有消化道出血,医嘱给予大便隐血试验
关于成本核算对象的内容,下列表述正确的有( )。A.成本核算对象是生产费用承担的
在进行设计招标时应编制设计要求文件,该文件应兼顾()。A.科学性 B.节约性
最新回复
(
0
)