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  3. In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s ev

In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s ev

游客2023-11-19  80
问题      In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their mature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. "Electricity," Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral: it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.  [br] The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ______.
选项 A、to explain why things happen
B、to explain how things happen
C、to describe self-evident principles
D、to support Aristotelian science
答案 B
解析 推理题。见倒数第三行“The goal of…happen”排除A；“Modern science was born…of controlled experiment…”指出：当伽利开始尝试着解释物质是如何形成的，从而使控制实验法得以出现，于是，现代科学就诞生了。从中可反推出答案 B是正确的。
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