首页
登录
职称英语
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarene
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awarene
游客
2023-11-18
22
管理
问题
Unlike any other scientific topics, consciousness—the first-person awareness of the world around—is truly in the eye of beholder. I know I am conscious. But how do I know that you are?
Through logical analogy—I am a conscious human being, and therefore you as a human being are also likely to be conscious—I conclude I am probably not the only conscious being in a world of biological puppets. Extend it to other creatures, and uncertainty grows. Is a dog conscious? An elm? A rock?
"We don’t have the mythical consciousness meter," said Dr. Chalmers, a professor of philosophy and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. "All we have directly to go on is behavior." So without even an elementary understanding of what consciousness is, the idea of instilling it into a machine—or understanding how a machine might evolve consciousness—becomes almost unfathomable.
The field of artificial intelligence started out with dreams of making thinking or conscious machines, but to debate, its achievements have been modest. The field has evolved to focus more on solving practical problems like complex scheduling tasks than on imitating human behavior.
But many believe that the original goals of artificial intelligence will be attainable within a few decades.
Some people, like Dr. Hans Moravec, a professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, believe a human being is nothing more than a fancy machine, and that it will be possible to build a machine with the same features, that there is nothing magical about the brain and biological flesh. "I’m confident we can build robot with behavior that is just as rich as human being behavior," he said. "You could quiz it as much as you like about its internal mental life, and it would answer as any human being." To Dr. Moravec, if it acts consciously, it is conscious. To ask more is pointless.
Dr. Chalmers, regards consciousness as an unutterable trait, and it may be useless to try to pin it down. "We’ve got to admit something here is irreducible," he said. "Some primitive precursor consciousness could go all the way down" to the smallest, most primitive organisms, he said. Dr. Chalmers too sees nothing fundamentally different between a creature of flesh and blood and one of metal, plastics and electronic circuits. "I’m quite open to the idea that machines might eventually become conscious," he said, adding that it would be "equally weird". And if a person gets into involved conversations with a robot about everything from Kant to baseball, "We’ll be as practically certain they are conscious as other people," he said. "Of course, that doesn’t resolve the theoretical question".
But others say machines, regardless of how complex, will never match people.
The arguments can become mysterious. In his book Shadows of the Mind, Dr. Roger Penrose, a mathematician at Oxford University, enlisted the incompleteness theorem in mathematics. He uses the theorem, which states that any system of theorems will invariably include statements that cannot be proven, to argue that any machine that uses computation—and hence all robots—will invariably fall short of the accomplishments of human mathematicians. Instead, he argues that consciousness is an effect of quantum mechanics in tiny structures in the brain that exceeds the abilities of any computer. [br] What is the author’s attitude toward the statement that robot has consciousness?
选项
A、Objective.
B、Critical.
C、Pessimistic.
D、Sarcastic.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。作者并没有发表自己的看法,也没有在字里行间给出暗示,只是列举出两派:Dr. Hans Moravec,Dr. Chalmers与Roger Penrose的观点供读者评判和思考,所以正确答案为A 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3197663.html
相关试题推荐
Whydoadultsbelievethatalcoholicawarenessprogramsteachyoungpeople
Whydoadultsbelievethatalcoholicawarenessprogramsteachyoungpeople
Whydoadultsbelievethatalcoholicawarenessprogramsteachyoungpeople
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarene
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarene
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarene
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarene
Unlikeanyotherscientifictopics,consciousness—thefirst-personawarene
TheofficiallogooftheInformationAwarenessOffice,thePentagon’ssecre
UnlikethecarefullyweighedandplannedcompositionsofDante,Goethe’swri
随机试题
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuy
Evenifyouachieveanexceptionalresult,chancesarewhetheryou’llstillbeu
JobstresshasbecomeacommonandcostlyproblemintheAmericanworkplace,l
Kennedy第一类牙列缺损:A.为单侧游离缺失 B.为双侧游离缺失 C.为
依据《通用安装工程工程量计算规范》GB50856-2013的规定,编码0310所
下列关于上消化道出血错误的是A、可以在胃内灌注去甲肾上腺素来治疗非静脉曲张破裂出
A.叶酸 B.维生素B C.琥珀酸亚铁 D.白消安 E.丙酸睾酮治疗非重
共用题干 男,45岁。患慢性肾炎尿毒症3年,一直采用非手术治疗:卧床休息,口服
在个案工作进入结案阶段时,有的服务对象会出现分离焦虑,从而提出更多有待解决的问题
专家判断法是一种最古老的信用风险分析方法,它是商业银行在长期信贷活动中所形成的一
最新回复
(
0
)