首页
登录
职称英语
When people hear that I’m writing an article about deception, they’re quick
When people hear that I’m writing an article about deception, they’re quick
游客
2023-11-17
55
管理
问题
When people hear that I’m writing an article about deception, they’re quick to tell me how to catch a liar. Liars always look to the left, several friends say; liars always cover their mouths, says a man sitting next to me on a plane. Beliefs about how lying looks are plentiful and often contradictory: depending on whom you choose to believe, liars can be detected because they fidget a lot, hold very still, cross their legs, cross their arms, look up, look down, make eye contact or fail to make eye contact.
Charles Bond, a psychologist at Texas Christian University, reported that among 2,520 adults surveyed in 63 countries, more than 70 percent believe that liars tend to avert their gazes. The majority also believe that liars squirm, stutter, touch or scratch themselves or tell longer stories than usual. The liar stereotype exists in just about every culture, Bond wrote, and its persistence "would be less puzzling if we had more reason to imagine that it was true." What is true, instead, is that there are as many ways to lie as there are liars; there’s no such thing as a dead giveaway.
Most people think they’re good at spotting liars, but studies show otherwise. A very small minority of people, probably fewer than 5 percent, seem to have some innate ability to sniff out deception with accuracy. But in general, even professional lie-catchers, like judges and customs officials, perform, when tested, at a level not much better than chance. In other words, even the experts would have been right almost as often if they had just flipped a coin.
In the middle of the war on terrorism, the federal government is not willing to settle for
50-50 odds.
Unfortunately, most of the devices now available, like the polygraph, detect not the lie but anxiety about the lie. The polygraph measures physiological responses to stress, like increases in blood pressure, respiration rate and electrodermal skin response. So it can miss the most dangerous liars: the ones who don’t care that they’re lying, don’t know that they’re lying or have been trained to lie. It can also miss liars with nothing to lose if they’re detected, the true believers willing to die for the cause.
A handful of scientists are building a cognitive theory of deception to show what lying looks like — on a liar’s face, in a liar’s demeanor and, most important, in a liar’s brain. The ultimate goal is a foolproof technology for deception detection: a brain signature of lying, something as visible and unambiguous as Pinocchio’s nose.
Nearly a century ago the modern polygraph started out as a machine in search of an application; it hung around for lack of anything better. But the polygraph has been mired in controversy for years, with no strong scientific theory to adequately explain why, or even whether, it works. If the premature introduction of a new machine is to be avoided this time around, the first step is to do something that was never done with the polygraph, to develop a theory of the neurobiology of deception. Two strands of scientific work are currently involved in this effort: brain mapping, which uses the 21st century’s most sophisticated techniques for visualizing patterns of brain metabolism and electrical activity; and face reading, which uses tools that are positively prehistoric, the same two eyes used by our primate ancestors to spot a liar. [br] In Paragraph 4, "50-50 odds" refers to______.
选项
A、50 plus 50
B、50% accuracy
C、Flipping a coin
D、50% probability
答案
D
解析
词汇题。此处与前文提到的“flip a coin”的表述相关,扔硬币的意思就是几率各一半,符合50-50的象征意义,所以即使不知道odds的含义也可以作答。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3194821.html
相关试题推荐
Whomthebellwasnamedafteraccordingtomostpeople?[br][originaltext]
Whomthebellwasnamedafteraccordingtomostpeople?[br][originaltext]
Stressorpressureisreallyabigproblemnowadays.Manypeoplegetatloss
Manypeoplebelievethatourspecies______threatenedwithextinction.A、isB、ar
Thousandsofpeoplearepackedtightlyintrains,themen’sfaces______inthei
Duringtimesofwaroreconomic______manypeopleconverttheirwealthintopre
Allthecommunists______thepeopleinsteadofbeingservedbythepeople.A、are
Whatdothetwopeoplemainlytalkabout?[br][originaltext]W:[4]Whatdoyou
Onlyafewpeoplehave______tothefullfactsofthecase.A、approachB、admissi
Theletterseemed______byachild.A、tohavewrittenB、towriteC、tobewriting
随机试题
Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamil
Ifyoudesireaninterview,Ishallbemosthappytocallinperson,Onanydayan
[originaltext]W:ProfessorSmith,Iwonderifyoucanfillmeinonyourlectur
5根弹簧系数均为k的弹簧,串联与并联时的等效弹簧刚度系数分别为()。A.
__________是指行为人以一定的不作为致人损害的行为。
为了实现有序和科学的信息管理,项目参与各方都应编制()以规范信息管理工作.A
患者自觉口中有涩味,如食生柿子,其临床意义是A.脾胃虚弱 B.脾胃湿热或脾虚
与上消化道继续出血或再度出血不符的一项是A.黑便次数增加 B.网织红细胞数减少
团队建设是项目人力资源管理的重要过程。下列工作中,属于团队建设内容的是()A.
A.牛黄醒消丸 B.地榆槐角丸 C.紫草膏 D.马应龙麝香痔疮膏 E.连
最新回复
(
0
)