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  3. For 25 years now, Jane Goodall has been studying chimpanzees in the wild, at

For 25 years now, Jane Goodall has been studying chimpanzees in the wild, at

游客2023-10-19  22
问题     For 25 years now, Jane Goodall has been studying chimpanzees in the wild, at Gombe in Tanzania. After ten years, she wrote her best-selling book, In The Shadow Of Man, chronicling her research until then. But if she had stopped there she would have left the world with a misleadingly benign (温和的) view of chimpanzees.
    Starting in the early seventies, Jane Goodall and her researchers were horrified to observe a prolonged, deliberate and planned warfare by one group of chimpanzees upon another group which had broken away some years previously. It fundamentally altered her perception of chimp society as ordered and peaceable.
    Her most startling discovery in her early years was that chimps use tools. Until then, paleoan-thropologists made sharp distinctions between tool users and non-tool users, to differentiate between men and monkeys. She documented and photographed chimps taking long sticks, poking them into termite holes, and extracting the termites on the sticks in order to eat them.
    At the same time she and other researchers discovered that chimps are the only animals, apart from humans, to be self-aware. At its most primitive level this can be demonstrated by sticking something on a chimp’s forehead and showing him a mirror. The chimp will immediately recognize himself and pull the object off his forehead. Other animals will paw at the mirror and fail to recognize themselves, let alone rearrange themselves according to the image in the mirror. They also have a structured language with abstract concepts.

    But her clinical and dispassionate description of the war that obliterated (使湮没) a whole chimp community may change our perceptions again of the closeness of the relationship between them and us. There was, it appeared, no particularly pressing reason for the larger northern group to set about annihilating the southern group. They turned against the other group because in the years since the two groups parted, they had become aliens, and, like humans, chimpanzee groups are hostile to those outside the immediate group. She observed too that many of them, especially the younger males, took deliberate pleasure in seeking out danger, by ranging close to the territory occupied by other groups. One or two especially aggressive animals were first to head in the direction of alien chimp calls, and last to linger near a potential fight. [br] What’s the purpose of the reference to "long sticks"?
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答案 To prove that chimps use tools
解析 (第三段提到Goodall最令人吃惊的发现是猩猩会使用工具，接下来以猩猩用长棍取白蚁为例证明此发现。)
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