The link between health and income seems pretty uncontroversial.【C1】______al

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问题     The link between health and income seems pretty uncontroversial.【C1】______all, healthy people can work longer and harder than sick people. Healthier children are【C2】______to stay in school longer and learn more【C3】______more when they enter the workforce. Even across countries the【C4】______seems clear: those with better health are【C5】______richer.
    The researchers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are skeptical about the notion【C6】______healthier countries are richer, because countries with【C7】______incomes may simply spend more on health. To investigate, they needed to study health improvements that were not【C8】______by economic growth in the countries concerned.
    Beginning in the 1940s several medical【C9】______involving penicillin(青霉素)and DDT(滴滴涕)made it easier to【C10】______diseases-such as tuberculosis(结核病), malaria(疟疾) and yellow fever—that【C11】______people in developing countries. Because these ideas【C12】______in the rich world and were spread by【C13】______such as the WHO, any improvements in【C14】______they led to would have been unconnected with prior improvements in the economic【C15】______of poor countries.
    This international revolution in public health【C16】______lead to substantial increases in life【C17】______in poor countries by the 1950s. However, the researchers found that income per head actually【C18】______when life expectancy went up. The reason was that increased life expectancy led to a higher population using a【C19】______stock of things like land and capital,【C20】______depressing income per person. [br] 【C15】

选项 A、surroundings
B、environment
C、circumstances
D、development

答案 C

解析 circumstances意为“条件,状况”。此处指贫穷国家的经济状况。surroundings是周围事物的总称,不能用于表示“情形”。
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