首页
登录
职称英语
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
游客
2023-09-13
46
管理
问题
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (自治城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends (股息) and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had. seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长的) system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] How did British shareholders accumulate wealth?
选项
答案
Through capital investment in other countries.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3010958.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
[originaltext]Lifeinthetwentiethcenturymustdemandpreparations.Today
[originaltext]Advertisingisahighlydevelopedtwentieth-centuryindustry.
[originaltext]Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappen
[originaltext]Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappen
[originaltext]Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappen
随机试题
Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,
Itishardtoavoidmistakes,______youcorrectthemcarefully,itwillbeall
[originaltext]M:Hi,Helen,I’vebeenlookingforyou!W:Really?Suchacoinci
HarvardPresident’sAddress:aDifferentLife1.Students’wonderWhat【T
下列业务应征收增值税的有()。A.残疾人本人为社会提供的服务 B.残疾人福利
根据继承法的有关规定,受遗赠人必须在2个月内作出是否接受赠与的意思表示.到期没有
我国监管机构要求商业银行2013年起执行《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》。这一要
企业信用程度的标志是()。A.企业会计报表 B.企业营业执照
关于集体合同的下列哪一表述是错误的?A、未建立工会的企业,集体合同应由职工推举的
衡量人群中在短时间内新发病例的频率,采用的指标为A.感染率 B.患病率 C.
最新回复
(
0
)