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  3. Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combine

Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combine

游客2023-09-12  24
问题     Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C.R. Dames has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of bricks as a brick building. It is certain that all the essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO(下标)2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars--the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.
    The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis (光合作用), by which carbon dioxide and water are combined  in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light--to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaf. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas--water vapor to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates. [br] This passage mainly discusses ______.
选项 A、the functions of carbon dioxide and water
B、the role of water in a growing plant
C、the process of simple sugar formation
D、the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide
答案 B
解析 全文主旨题。参见文章开头两句(即全文的topic sentences)：大多数生长中的植物，其含水量比其他所有物质的总合还要多。达尼斯指出，把植物叫做水造结构是恰当的，正如把主要由砖建造的房屋称作砖房一样。由此点明全文主旨：水在植物生长中作用巨大。故选 B。其余选项只是细节性事实。
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