首页
登录
职称英语
Two cities that lay at the edge of the Mediterranean more than 1,200 years
Two cities that lay at the edge of the Mediterranean more than 1,200 years
游客
2023-09-09
32
管理
问题
Two cities that lay at the edge of the Mediterranean more than 1,200 years ago, Herakleion and Eastern Canopus, disappeared suddenly, swallowed by the sea. Now, an international team of scientists may have figured out the mystery of why it happened.
The researchers have concluded that the two cities collapsed when the land they were built on suddenly liquefied (液化).
Until recently, the only evidence that they existed came from Greek mythology and the writings of ancient historians. Then, during expeditions in 1999 and 2000, a team of French marine archaeologists headed by Franck Goddio found the ruins—almost completely intact—buried on the seafloor of the Abu Qir Bay in Egypt.
Since then, there has been much speculation (猜测) about why the cities disappeared so suddenly. Earthquakes, subsistence (生存) conditions, and a rise in sea level have all been suggested as possibilities.
"There are no written documents on how, when, or why these two cities went down," said Jean-Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist with the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Stanley and his colleagues at the Institute Europeen d’Archeologie Sous-Marine in Paris (the European Institute of Marine Archaeology) argue that a major flood of the Nile in the middle of the eighth century A.D. was to blame. The flood, they say, triggered the sinking of Eastern Canopus and Herakleion by turning the ground beneath the cities into liquefied mud.
The collapse was sudden and catastrophic, said Stanley. "We can tell," he said, "because in both places we’ve found gold and jewelry, which, if there had been time, people would have taken with them when fleeing."
Herakleion and East Canopus once stood at the mouth of the now-extinct Canopic branch of the Nile. Built sometime between the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., as the days of the Egyptian Pharaohs were coming to an end, the cities flourished as gateways to Egypt.
Herakleion was a port of entry to Egypt and grew wealthy by collecting taxes on goods being shipped upriver.
Frozen in time below the water’s were many temples and statues of gods and goddesses, also attesting to the cities’ role as destinations for religious pilgrims.
Until the undersea discovery, historians knew about the cities only through myth and ancient literature. Menelaus, the king of Sparta and husband to Helen, over whom the Trojan War was fought, was said to have stayed in Herakleion following the ten-year war against Troy.
Greek mythology holds that the city of Canopus was named after Menelaus’ helmsman (舵手), who was bitten by a viper (毒蛇) and transformed into a god.
The Greek historian Herodotus wrote of having visited the cities in 450 B.C.
The cities’ fortunes declined when Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in 331 B.C. Yet centuries later, Greek geographer Strabo (63 B.C.-21 A.D.) described the location and wealth of Herakleion, while Seneca (5 B.C.-65 A.D.) condemned the cities for decadent (颓废的) and corrupt lifestyles. [br] According to the author, the fortunes of Herakleion and Eastern Canopus declined in ______.
选项
答案
331 B.C.
解析
根据题干中的关键词fortunes和declined定位到最后一段,可知两座城市的财富衰落于亚历山大大帝建立起亚历山大城之时,即公元前331年,由此可得答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2999738.html
相关试题推荐
Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthat
Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthat
Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthat
[originaltext]ManyAmericansaremovingtobigcities.Atthesametime,ma
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
Americancitiesare【B1】______toothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycou
随机试题
[originaltext]CanyoutellmethewaytothePostOffice?[/originaltext][origi
[originaltext]M:IwenttoNewYorkyesterday,butIforgottocallBarry.W:B
Anationalpoliticalstruggleiscontinuingovertheissueofprotectionfor
Antiqueauctionshavebecomepopularinthiscountryunlessasteadilyincreasin
ThePublicHealthCrisisHidinginOurFood[A]Ifyo
BB。观察元素分布规律,黑色元素分布特征是:黑色方块、黑色三角形、黑色方块、黑色三角形,依次交替呈现,则所求图形应为黑色方块,B项正确。
重型病毒性肝炎患者,出血最主要的原因是A.维生素K吸收障碍 B.凝血因子合成障
A.蔷薇科B.十字花科C.豆科D.唇形科E.柏科紫苏叶的原植物科名是()。
检查某班学生50人,其中患龋病者10人,龋失补牙数为:D=70,M=5,F=10
某住宅楼工程,地下2层,地上20层,建筑面积2.5万平方米,基坑开挖深度7.6m
最新回复
(
0
)