[originaltext] Right up to the 19th century. (32)Oxford and Cambridge were

Right up to the 19th century. (32)Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. Royal patronage and aristocratic money confirmed them in their position, and attempts to found new universities elsewhere all met with failure. A large number of provincial universities were established following their lead, these are the so-called "Redbrick universities". Many of them were dependent on older universities at first, especially the University of London, but soon they became independent and began giving their own degrees. (33)Many also became well-known for their excellence in a particular subject and could offer a better course to students taking that subject than was available anywhere else in the country. After this first rapid increase m numbers and distribution the number of English universities remained the same for nearly 40 years. But by the 1960s a new postwar generation had grown up. (34)Due to an increase in the birth rate following the Second World War, the school going population was bigger than ever before. Secondary education was better and the school leaving age her. Naturally the demand for university places became greater, and the government responded with an ambitious university building plan. Seven new universities were planned built and opened their doors to a new generation of students between 196t and 1965. (35) It was the greatest single expansion of higher education that England has ever known.