首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scient
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scient
游客
2023-09-08
35
管理
问题
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for a half century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their way in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of trash out. Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interest in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you will make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging and diminishing performance, "our society is caught in a whopping paradox,’’ asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book published by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems--damaging rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people--is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s a tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is in- volved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] Skinnerian psychology advocates______.
选项
A、performance
B、stimulus and response
C、human factors
D、effectiveness
答案
B
解析
根据题干关键词Skinnerian psychology定位到原文第二段。既然斯金纳理论是一种奖励和激励理论,它提倡的肯定是通过某种刺激来引导出某种特定的反应,所以B项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2995355.html
相关试题推荐
Noiseentersourearsaspowerfulwavesofmechanicalenergy.Scientistsmea
Noiseentersourearsaspowerfulwavesofmechanicalenergy.Scientistsmea
______(即使计算是正确的),scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvar
[originaltext]TheWorldSocialForummetforthefirsttimeattheendofl
[originaltext]TheWorldSocialForummetforthefirsttimeattheendofl
Scientistsestimate______(还要过很多年这种药才能用在人身上).itwillbemanyyearsbeforethe
Themoretimescientistsspenddesigningcomputers,themoretheymarvelat
Themoretimescientistsspenddesigningcomputers,themoretheymarvelat
Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseo
Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseo
随机试题
Executivecoachingisprimarilyconcernedwithconfidentialone-to-onediscu
GaspricewarningascoldMarchleadstoshortsuppliesA)Thecolds
Haiti’sTourismA)LikemanyofitsCaribbeanneighb
Canyouimaginehowyouwouldfeelifyoufelldangerouslyillandcouldnot
[originaltext]M:Janetisquiteinterestedincamping,isn’tshe?W:Yes,sheo
定期进行护理安全隐患报告,属于风险管理的A.风险鉴别 B.风险评估 C.风险
在绝大多数人中A、胆囊管汇合于右肝管 B、胆囊管汇合于肝总管 C、胆囊管汇合
男性,57岁,进食后梗噎感半年,近一个月只能吃软食,伴胸骨后疼痛,饮酒近40年,
心导管检查右心室血氧含量高于右心房的先心病是( )。A.房间隔缺损 B.室间
关于施工总承包管理方主要特征的说法,正确的是()。A.在平等条件下可通过竞标获
最新回复
(
0
)