首页
登录
职称英语
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
游客
2023-09-07
15
管理
问题
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints that gorillas may have "theory of mind"--the capacity to attribute mental states to others.
Richard Byrne and Joanne Tanner of St. Andrews University in the UK videoed gorillas at San Francisco Zoo. As well as engaging with a toy and another gorilla, the animals seemed aware of how their playmate was interacting with the toy. "The gorillas could encourage their playmates when they were losing interest by losing the game, if necessarily," says Byrne.
This is the first time animals have been observed following a playmate’s interaction with a third object a skill picked up by humans at 9 months old. If you thought your pet dog does this, you’re wrong. With dogs, cats, lions and bears the animal wants to win the game, rather than keep it going. Byrne says," This is different to throwing a stick for your pet dog."
Because the gorillas seem to be taking account of the thoughts of others. They are showing some theory of mind competence, says Byrne, although they do not pass a theory-of-mind test called the false belief test, which looks at the ability to infer another’s perspective.
In the false belief test, two individuals are shown playing with a toy, before placing it in a box. After one of them leaves the room, the other person moves the toy and places it in a bag. When the first person re-turns to the room, where will they look for the toy? Those with theory of mind--the ability to infer another’s perspective will know that the first person will look in the box. Children younger than 4 or 5 have yet to develop theory of mind and think the person will look in the bag in the false belief test. Similar false belief tests that don’t require language can be set up for animals.
Felix Warneken at Harvard University agrees the study provides "promising evidence" for collaborative behaviour in gorillas. However, Josep Call, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, says he has seen this behaviour in chimpanzees before.
Iona Stewart at ZSL London Zoo, who has been looking after captive gorillas for 13 years, says there is "no question" that gorillas have theory of mind. "Anyone who spends time with gorillas will have known this for years," she says. "Not a day goes by when you don’t see some examples of this sort of behaviour." The typical gorilla’s sense of humour, Stewart says, is schadenfreud. One gorilla she knew would poke a stick at strangers then look the other way and laugh. "If they could whistle, they’d be whistling, but they’re not quite clever enough to get away with it." [br] According to Byrne, in the false belief test, ______.
选项
A、children are showing the same theory of mind competence as gorillas
B、gorillas will know that the first gorilla will look in the box
C、animals hardly have the theory-of-the-mind competence
D、children younger than 4 or 5 years old fail the false belief test
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2993981.html
相关试题推荐
Fromthatyouwouldgetangrywithyourfriends,wecanconcludeyoustill_____
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaymakethefa
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaymakethefa
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaymakethefa
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaymakethefa
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaymakethefa
Becauseofthelimitedtimeallowances,thespeakersweretold______.(省略一切与当时正
[originaltext]M:Whatdidyoudotocelebrateyourbirthday?W:Myfriendstook
[originaltext]M:Whatdidyoudotocelebrateyourbirthday?W:Myfriendstook
[originaltext]M:Whatdidyoudotocelebrateyourbirthday?W:Myfriendstook
随机试题
Throughouthistory,peoplehavebeenthevictimsofpickpockets.Today,pick
[originaltext]M:Ican’tbelieveyou’restilldrivingaroundinthispieceofj
在电力系统暂态稳定分析中,零序分量一般不会流过定子绕组,因此不需要考虑其对暂态稳
外国游客在中国旅游期间散发宗教宣传品,对此,导游人员应该()。A.不干涉 B
新药生产批准文号的审批部门是A.国家药品监督管理部门 B.省级药品监督管理部门
医院药事的具体表现,不包括A.医院药学部门与外部的沟通联系、信息交流等事项B.医
《10kV-500kV输变电设备交接试验规程》中要求,550kV~800kVG
散装大豆的积载因数为( )米3/吨。 A.1.1~1.4 B.1.3
(2019年真题)社会工作者小杨发现,社区内有一群辍学在家的青少年,他们经常聚在
患者,女,50岁,因颈部肿物来院求治。查体见肿物位于颈上部,胸锁乳突肌前缘附近,
最新回复
(
0
)