首页
登录
职称英语
As the world continues to recover from the Great Recession, governments and
As the world continues to recover from the Great Recession, governments and
游客
2023-09-06
14
管理
问题
As the world continues to recover from the Great Recession, governments and businesses are focused on how to spur economic growth. But if they really want to create jobs, raise incomes, and lift living standards, they should devote more energy to figuring out how to generate economic dynamism over the long term.
At times like this, governments tend to champion particular sectors like manufacturing, or industries like green technology. But true dynamism flows from continuous innovation, experimentation, adaptation, and change, all of which raise productivity over time. Those productivity gains, in turn, lift incomes and drive consumption. This fuels more innovation—and a dynamic economy thus expands in a healthy, sustainable way.
Unfortunately, economic dynamism can also cause dislocation and disturbance as workers lose jobs in failing companies or in fading industries. Change in the ranking of companies has accelerated in many countries, including the United States, over the last century. The 90 names listed on Standard & Poor’s index of major U. S. companies in the 1920s remained there for an average of 65 years. By 1998 a company listed on the S & P 500 could expect to stay there for an average of only 10 years.
The distress caused by such turnover causes many people to resist change. But this process, famously labeled "creative destruction" by economist Joseph Schumpeter, frees resources for new uses that can vastly improve life over time. We may have fewer farmers, coachmen, and switchboard operators today than in Schumpeter’s time, but We have software engineers, EKG technicians, Google mapmakers, and a host of other occupations people couldn’t have imagined back then. The "productivity paradox" is that while we may need fewer workers in certain occupations in the short term, improved productivity leads to a stronger economy as a whole. So policies to spur economic dynamism are essential elements of any strategy to create jobs.
How exactly do we foster economic dynamism? Dynamism doesn’t turn on whether an economy has a large financial sector, or big manufacturers, or a semiconductor industry, but instead on whether the sectors are competitive or not. Instead of picking winners and pouring out subsidies to them, countries must get the basics right. These include a solid rule of law, with patents and protections for intellectual property, enforceable contracts, and courts to resolve disputes; access to finance, particularly for startups; and an efficient physical and communications infrastructure. Once the basics are in place, the key is ensuring strong competition within sectors.
It can be tempting, in the short term, to prop up old industries and preserve outdated jobs. But as Schumpeter said, "With capitalism, we are dealing with an evolutionary process. " Nations that want to move up the list should be prepared to evolve. [br] In order to get the basics right, countries should ensure the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、effective legislation
B、financial support
C、valid infrastructure
D、strong competition
答案
D
解析
根据题干关键词get the basics right,ensure定位到原文第五段第四句:These include a solid rule of law, with…;access to finance…;and an efficient physical and communications infrastructure. 可知建设基础包括:坚实的法律规则、可获得的财政金融渠道以及一个高效的物质和通讯基础设施。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2990398.html
相关试题推荐
AstheworldcontinuestorecoverfromtheGreatRecession,governmentsand
AstheworldcontinuestorecoverfromtheGreatRecession,governmentsand
Ithasbeenthemostequalattitudeofallthe11recessionssinceWorldWar
Ithasbeenthemostequalattitudeofallthe11recessionssinceWorldWar
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
There’snothingradicalabouttheideathatgovernmentsshouldintervenein
随机试题
Theauthorarguesforserioustreatmentofsuchartsascrochetandneedlework,
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeac
[originaltext]M:So,Lily,haveyougotanyplanforthisSunday?W:Uh,I’mki
建筑装饰装修工程发生重大事故的,有市级以上地方人民政府建设行政主管部门会同有关部
阿托品是下列哪项受体的阻断剂?A.M型 B.N型 C. D.α型
龙胆根横切面最外保护组织为A.表皮B.皮层C.下皮层D.后生皮层E.木栓层
统计执法检查不仅要对已经发生的统计违法行为进行严肃查处,还要通过积极开展统计执法
去年的通货膨胀率是1.2%,今年到目前已经达到4%。因此我们可以得到结论:通货膨
召开年度绩效总结会的目的是()A:促进企业和员工共同提高和发展 B:对企业绩效
个人商用房贷款利率不得低于人民银行规定的同期同档次利率的()倍。A.1.1
最新回复
(
0
)