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A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weaknes

游客2023-09-05  37
问题     A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
    Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
    However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
    When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK’s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
    This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
    The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
    Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
    If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. [br] What does the author suggest research-led universities do?
选项 A、Spread their influence among top research institutions.
B、Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C、Publicise their research to win international recognition.
D、Fully utilise their research to benefit all sectors of society.
答案 D
解析 题干中的research-led universities虽然在文章的第5段和第6 段都出现过，但作者对高校的建议主要集中在第6段，故将本题出处定位到第 6段。作者在文章第6段中对以研究为主导的高校提出了三点建议：必须将研 究的影响最大化：应该最大限度地创造社会、经济和环境效益：应该分享先进 科技知识以增强整个领域的信心。[D]项是对第二条建议的同义转述，all sectors of society概括了the widest range of social，economic and environmental benefits， 故答案为[D]。[A]是对第一条建议的错误理解，“最大化”指在整个科研领域， 而不只是“顶尖科研机构”。[B]“慷慨地与缺少资金的高校分享资源”与作者 的建议“在整个领域分享以增强整体信心”不符。作者并未建议这些高校公开 自己的研究结果以赢得国际社会的认可，故排除[C]。
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