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While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear

游客2023-09-05  45
问题     While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
    Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
    Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes. "It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
    Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
    Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
    Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses, Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. [br] Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women______.
选项 A、need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress
B、have limited capacity for tolerating stress
C、are more capable of avoiding stress
D、are exposed to more stress
答案 D
解析 第三段首句提到，增加女性压力化学物质剂量的是她有更多的“机会”面临压力，后面引用Yehuda的话中提到，并不一定是女性不能够处理压力，仅仅是因为她们有太多压力需要处理，由此可知，女性面临更多的压力，故答案为D)。A)“需要更大剂量的化学物质来处理压力”是对第三段首句的错误理解，该句中的increased dose of stress chemicals指的是女性产生更多的压力荷尔蒙。文中提到女性tolerating stress的capacity可能比男性还强，并未说她们忍受压力的能力是limited，故排除B)。文中提到她们更有可能面对压力，而不是更有能力避免压力，故排除C)。
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