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  3. Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier f

Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier f

游客2023-09-05  27
问题     Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits.
    Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue. From 1992 to 2008, 15.79 percent of cases brought to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or about 4,585 cases per year, were described as successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if not most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases of hiring discrimination often go undetected.
    Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-managers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not sue because the costs of a lawsuit outweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.
    There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring, at least for entry-level jobs. In 2002-2003, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston and St. Petersburg, Fla. in which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious entry-level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younger applicants, whose date of high school graduation indicated that they were less than 50 years old, were 40 percent more likely to be called back for an interview than were older applicants.
    It is difficult to tell whether employment problems are worse for older workers than for other workers when times are bad. The number of discrimination lawsuits increases during times of high unemployment, but this finding by itself does not indicate an increased level of age discrimination. In times of higher unemployment, the opportunity cost to a lawsuit is lower than it is when times are good.
    From the employer’s perspective, mass layoffs may seem like a good chance to remove a higher proportion of generally more expensive older workers without the worry of being sued. On the other hand, employers may be less likely to remove protected older workers because they still fear lawsuits. One thing we do know is that once an older worker loses a job, he or she is much less likely to find a new job than a younger worker is.
    Unfortunately, the effect of legislation prohibiting age discrimination is not clear cut and may actually be part of the reason it is so difficult for older workers to find employment. If it is more difficult to fire an older worker than a younger worker, a firm will be less likely to want to hire older workers. Indeed, my research finds that in states where workers have longer time to bring a lawsuit claim, older men work fewer weeks per year, are less likely to be hired, and less likely to be fired than men in states where they do not have as much time.
    Not many people would suggest that we go back to a world prior to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, in which advertisements specify the specific ages of people they are willing to hire. However, legislation prohibiting discrimination is no panacea. The recent proposed congressional legislation could have both positive and negative effects on potential older workers. [br] Why does the author send out forged resumes?
选项 A、She needs to get a good job but hasn’t any work skills.
B、She wants to collect evidence for age discrimination in hiring.
C、She would like to help those old people out of jobs.
D、She intends to give those employers with discrimination a lesson.
答案 B
解析 第四段开头指出就雇用年龄歧视的现象而言，至少在低阶层的职位上，已有强有力的实验证据。作者接着讲述了其投递假简历的实验，得出结果：较年轻的求职者收到面试通知的几率比年纪较大的人的几率大，由此判断出作者投递假简历的目的是为了收集实验证据，故答案为[B]。
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