2. 职称英语
  3. Some men steal out of need or greed; others kill themselves out of sadness.

Some men steal out of need or greed; others kill themselves out of sadness.

游客2023-09-02  23
问题      Some men steal out of need or greed; others kill themselves out of sadness. Putting together, these individual tales will display obvious regularities. As a result, some social scientists who first applied the rules of probability to human affairs even questioned the very notion of free will. "Society prepares the crime," wrote Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian statistician, in 1835,"and the guilty person is only the instrument."
     The findings of those statisticians’ successors -- that poor children are more likely to fail at school, poor adults to commit crimes and die young, and so on -- are nowadays uncontroversial. And policymakers mostly avoid metaphysics (形而上学). Instead, they try to break such links by spending to "end child poverty" and by targeting health and education initiatives on the neediest. Yet such attempts are doomed to disappoint, because they conceive of each social ill in isolation, rather than treating their shared root cause. Moreover, they misidentify that cause: it is not poverty as such, but inequality.
     The evidence, here painstakingly collected, is hard to dispute. Within the rich world, countries where incomes are more evenly distributed have longer-lived citizens and lower rates of fatness, misbehavior and teenage pregnancy than richer countries where wealth is more concentrated. Studies of British civil servants find that senior ones enjoy better health than their immediate subordinates, who in turn do better than those further down the ladder.
     And the evidence is that the differences in status cause these "gradients (梯度)". Low-status Indian children do worse on tests if they must state their identities beforehand. High-status monkeys grew up in captivity(囚禁) show increased levels of stress hormones and become iii more often when they are moved to groups where they no longer dominate.
     What to do about this sickness caused by other people’s wealth? Increasing taxes on the rich, or smaller , differences in pay in the first place, say the authors, citing Sweden and Japan as instances of the two choices. A decade ago even left-wing politicians were "intensely relaxed about people getting rich". Now, as it becomes clearer that some of the rich got that way by theft, the idea that they have also caused injury more subtly will gain a readier hearing.
     Too ready, perhaps: what if the price of greater equality is lower growth? The .received wisdom is that rich rewards are necessary to stimulate the innovation on which growth depends. "No loss", say the authors," We have got close to the end of what economic growth can do for us." But that is a claim that needs to be supported, rather than simply made in a few sentences. If our ancestors had declared themselves thus satisfied, we would be without many things that we value -- and that they would have valued too, could they have imagined them. Should we be ready to give up joys we have never known?  [br] The evidence collected shows us ______.
选项 A、concentrated wealth leads to people’s longer and happier life
B、lower-positioned people may enjoy higher health and relaxation
C、people in place no longer dominating will not feel stressed
D、identity exposed, lower-status people will perform worse than normal
答案 D
解析 推断题。作者首先用定位句指出，收集到的证据是不争的事实，然后开始举例说明：第四段第二句提到Low-status Indian children do worse on tests if they must state their identities beforehand，可推知身份较低的人身份在测验中被暴露时，他的表现会比平常糟糕，D符合题意。
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