首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-13
17
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that_____.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
根据文章末段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成胃疼。因此老鼠将糖精与胃疼联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精,D与文中所表达的意思一致。A、B在文中并没有提及;文中提到是药物导致胃疼,而并非糖精,故C错。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2922560.html
相关试题推荐
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedi
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedi
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic"Stress
随机试题
HowtoReadEffectivelyManystudentstendtoreadbook
Thetestisintendedtoreinforcewhat___________________________(你们过去几个月内所学的知识)
以下不属于建设单位安全生产责任的是()A.保证安全生产专项资金的投入 B
泵送50m高的混凝土粗集料宜选用卵石,且其最大粒径与输送管内径之比最大为: A
下列各项,最适合用西地兰治疗的是()A.房颤伴快速心室率,并已有心室扩大伴
夏普比率、特雷诺比率、詹森α与CAPM之间的关系是()。A.三者均以CAPM模
某条形基础宽度2.50m,埋深2.00m。场区地面以下为厚度1.50m的填土,γ
根据以下资料,回答11~13题: 2005年年底,全国城镇房屋建筑面积164.
大连对外贸易有限公司(2562565204)进口一批进料加工材料,全部用于加工返
下列关于租赁合同的说法中,正确的有()。A.租赁合同是双务、有偿合同 B.租赁
最新回复
(
0
)