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  3. The complications frequently accompanying diabetes, such as impairment of vi

The complications frequently accompanying diabetes, such as impairment of vi

游客2023-08-09  31
问题     The complications frequently accompanying diabetes, such as impairment of vision and of kidney function, are now thought to result from the lack of continuous control of blood glucose concentrations. The healthy pancreas, in response to increases in blood glucose concentration, releases small quantities of insulin throughout the day and thereby maintains the concentration within physiological limits(nomoglycemia). But the diabetic generally receives only one large dose daily. The diabetic’ s blood glucose concentration can thus fluctuate greatly during the interval between doses, and it has been suggested that the complication result from the periods of high concentrations of blood glucose(hyperglycemia). Many investigators thus believe that restoration of normoglycemia might halt the progression of such complications and perhaps even reverse them.
    There are three primary techniques that have been investigated for restoration of normoglycemia. They are: transplantation of whole, healthy pancreases; transplantation of islets of Langerthan, that portion of the pancreas that actually secretes insulin, and implantation of artificial pancreases. There has, in fact been a great deal of success in the development of these techniques and each seems, on the whole, promising. Nonetheless, it will undoubtedly be many years before any one of them is accepted as a treatment for diabetes.
    To many people, the obvious approach would seem to be simply to transplant pancreases from cadavers in the same manner that kidneys and other organs are routinely transplanted. That was the rationale in 1966 when the first recorded pancreas was performed. Between 1960 and 1975, there were forty-six pancreas transplants in forty-five other patients in the United States and five other countries. But only one of these patients is still alive with a functioning graft and surgeons have found that the procedure is not simple as they once thought.
    The surviving patient has required no insulin since the operation. Another patient survived 638 days without requiring insulin. And one patient survived a transplantation for more than a year, but died when he chose not to take immunosuppressive drugs. These results, though meagre, suggest that the procedure has the potential for success.
    The rest of the patients, however, either rejected the transplant or died within a short period. There does not appear to be any technical problem with the procedure. Rather, most of the patients were already so severely debilitated by the complications of diabetes that they could not withstand the surgery and the immunosuppressive regimen required to prevent rejection. More than half of the patients, furthermore, also required a kidney transplant. Most investigators now agree that the simultaneous transplantation of both organs is too great a shock to the patient and greatly increases the total risk. [br] According to the text, a periodic high concentration of blood glucose in diabetics is a possible cause of______.
选项 A、deterioration of the pancreas
B、damage to the eyes and kidneys
C、rejection of transplanted organs
D、inadequate secretion of insulin
答案 B
解析 细节题。根据a periodic high concentration将答案定位到第一段，联系第一甸The complications frequently accompanying diabetes，such as impairment of vision and of kidney function…and it has been suggested that the complication result from the periods of high concentrations of blood glucose(hyperglycemia)．“通常与糖尿病相伴的并发症，如视力和肾功能的损害……而且目前已被指出，并发症可能就是源于这些高血糖浓度时期(高血糖)。”可知高血糖浓度时期可能会损伤视力和肾脏，这和选项B的表述一致。所以答案选B。
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