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[originaltext] Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special atten
[originaltext] Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special atten
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2023-08-04
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问题
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies’ responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of sounds. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell rings. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of sentences. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between the rising and falling of tones. Very soon, these differences in adults’ stress and tones can influence babies’ emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is cheerful or angry, attempting to do or stop doing something, and so on, merely based on the rate, volume, and melody of adults’ speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such characteristics. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified grammar, short sentences, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have found that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they often raise their volume, and speak slowly. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: at even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to dull meaning that it often is for adults.
19.What does the talk mainly discuss?
20.Why does the speaker mention the ringing of a bell?
21.What can we learn from the findings of babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures?
22.According to the talk, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?
选项
A、Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire languages earlier than those to a single language.
B、Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.
C、Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.
D、The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
答案
B
解析
讲话者指出曾有一位研究人员对6对具有不同文化背景的母子进行了观察,并得出一些结论(findings)。对应选项一一进行判断:A项所述内容并未提及,故排除;研究人员在观察后发现,无论使用哪种语言,母亲教导婴儿学说话的方式都很相似,因此B项正确;“她们还会配以夸张的表情”,这说明孩子对面部表情是有反应的,因此排除C项;D项内容未提及,故也排除。
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