2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

游客2023-08-04  42
问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism (资本主义) ? Certainly not. Problems are not solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism (工业制度) in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. [br] Why are employees anxious about themselves?
选项 A、Because they cannot earn as much as they have expected before.
B、Because they always have to compete with others for a better position.
C、Because they cannot obtain spiritual satisfaction as a human being.
D、Because they are always confronted with fundamental problems of life.
答案 C
解析 根据题干信息词employees和anxious定位到第二段。关于雇员们焦虑的原因，第二段指出：“工人和雇员都很焦虑，这不仅是因为他们可能会失业，也因为他们不能在生活中获得真正的满足感或兴趣。他们这一生从来没有作为在情感上和智力上独立且富有创造力的人，去直面过人类生存的那些基本现实。”结合原文中的real satisfaction or interest in life、the fundamental realities以及emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings可知，他们焦虑的原因是无法获得作为人应有的精神满足。故C项为正确答案。
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