首页
登录
职称英语
In the 1960s and 1970s, classic social psychological studies were conducted
In the 1960s and 1970s, classic social psychological studies were conducted
游客
2023-08-04
30
管理
问题
In the 1960s and 1970s, classic social psychological studies were conducted that provided evidence that even normal, decent people can engage in acts of extreme cruelty when instructed to do so by others. However, in an essay published November 20 in the open access journal PLOS Biology, Professors Alex Haslam and Stephen Reicher revisit these studies’ conclusions and explain how awful acts involve not just obedience, but enthusiasm too—challenging the long-held belief that
human beings are "programmed" for conformity
.
This belief can be traced back to two landmark empirical research (实证研究) programs conducted by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo in the 1960s and early 1970s. Milgram’s "Obedience to Authority" research is widely believed to show that people blindly conform to the instructions of an authority figure, and Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is commonly understood to show that people will take on abusive roles uncritically.
However, Professor Haslam, from the University of Queensland, argues that tyranny does not result from blind conformity to rules and roles. Rather, it is a creative act of followership, resulting from identifying with authorities who represent vicious (恶意的) acts as virtuous (善良的).
"Decent people participate in horrific acts not because they become passive, mindless functionaries (公职人员) who do not know what they are doing, but rather because they come to believe—typically under the influence of those in authority—that what they are doing is right," Professor Haslam explained.
Professor Reicher, of the University of St Andrews, added that it is not that they were blind to the evil acts they were committing, but rather that they knew what they were doing, and believed it to be right.
These conclusions were partly informed by Professors Haslam and Reicher’s own prison experiment, conducted in 2002 in collaboration with the BBC. The study generated three findings. First, participants did not conform automatically to their assigned role; second, they only acted in terms of group membership to the extent that they identified with the group; and finally, group identity did not mean that people simply accepted their assigned position—it also empowered them to resist it.
Although Zimbardo and Milgram’s findings remain highly influential, Professor Haslam argues that their conclusions do not hold up well under close empirical scrutiny.
Professor Reicher concludes that tyranny does not flourish because offenders are helpless and ignorant; it flourishes because they are convinced that they are doing something worthy. [br] How do Professors Alex Haslam and Stephen Reicher explain human’s cruelty?
选项
A、Human beings are programmed for conformity.
B、Even normal, decent people can engage in cruel activities.
C、Not only conformity, but zeal contributes to cruelty.
D、People are convincible when instructed by authorities.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据题干中的Alex Haslam and Stephen Reicher explain human’s cruelty可定位到原文第一段最后一句,该句提到两位教授重新讨论了这些研究然后解释了人们参与残忍行动的原因,指出这种行为不仅因为服从,还源于热情。C选项中conformity与obedience同义,zeal和enthusiasm同义,故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2897497.html
相关试题推荐
中国特色社会主义socialismwithChinesecharacteristics
[originaltext]Recentlyafive-yearstudywasconductedbytheCenterforCh
[originaltext]Recentlyafive-yearstudywasconductedbytheCenterforCh
[originaltext]Recentlyafive-yearstudywasconductedbytheCenterforCh
[originaltext]Recentlyafive-yearstudywasconductedbytheCenterforCh
A、Getfurtherstudiesinuniversities.B、Workasanassistantinworkshops.C、St
A、abstainersseldomtakepartinorganizedsocialactivitiesB、drinkers-usually
A、one’sintelligenceB、thesocialinfluenceonusC、ourownbiologicalfeatures
C根据Studies,don’tgetenoughsleep和heartdisease定位到C段第2句。该句说到,有研究表明。睡眠不足的成年人会增加患心
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
随机试题
Sinceancienttimesvolcanoeshavestruckterrorandwonderintothehearto
WritingPublicSpeeches1.SpeechesthatinformInformativespeeches:tosho
大豆提油套利是大豆加工商在市场价格关系基本正常时进行的。()A、正确B、错误A大豆提油套利是大豆加工商在市场价格关系基本正常时进行的,目的是防止大豆
论述农村土地承包经营权纠纷类型。
药品在医疗机构的储存中,其养护工作应贯彻的原则是:()A.预防为主 B
B型超声检查示胎盘与子宫之间无液性暗区可排除胎盘早剥.
始于人类知识及其传播的专门化要求的现代社会中最常见、最普遍的组织形式是()
能益肾健脾,收敛固涩,除湿止带,为治疗带下证之佳品的药物是A.金樱子 B.海螵
道氏理论认为,趋势的()是确定投资的关键。A.起点 B.终点 C.反
在资产负债表上,资产是按其流动性进行排列的,流动性强的排在前面,流动性差的排在后
最新回复
(
0
)