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  3. Since World War II, all nations of the world have shown a great interest in

Since World War II, all nations of the world have shown a great interest in

游客2023-08-04  53
问题     Since World War II, all nations of the world have shown a great interest in economic growth. Most of them have shown a percentage increase of their GNP each year, the highly developed nations having shown the greatest growth rates. However, in spite of their growth rates, these nations have been plagued by two serious problems: inflation and unemployment. At one time economists believe that there was a trade off between inflation and unemployment: that generally prices would rise faster than wages and employment, but these would quickly fall, and that a fall in wages would bring a fall in prices. However, for some time the Western economies have been suffering from both continually increasing inflation and continually increasing unemployment.
    Other problems have accompanied technological development. These include the pollution of water and air by the waste of factories, dumped solid wastes from many technical operations (including atomic ones), and the deterioration of workers’ health in many factories, mines and other industrial operations. The concentration of population in cities has given rise to many problems of housing, educational and medical services, and higher and higher crime rates. These are the social costs of economic growth which must be met by the society. Yet the costs for meeting these problems is not computed in the GNP.
    Technological development and the economic growth dependent on it have brought about great changes in the economic systems which were described by the classical economists. Production has been concentrated into a few large corporations, such as the oil companies and the automobile producers. At the same time, it has been the practice for large companies to buy whole or controlling interests in unrelated areas of production: aircraft companies which own radio and television stations or even book publishing companies, for example. Some of these large corporations are frequently operating in many countries of the world; they are then called multi-national companies. These practices have centralized economic activity, completely destroying the free market which was the basis of classical economics, and have greatly changed the concept of free trade. This development in the Western world has brought its economic systems closer to the command market systems of the former USSR. In both the Western and Eastern economic system there has been a greater centralization of economic production, which has brought about more confusing complexity in the relationships of economic activities. At the same time larger bureaucracies, both in privately owned corporations and in governments, have become necessary to cope with the increasingly complex problems. [br] What has caused the great changes in the economic systems?
选项 A、The centralization of economic activities in a few large corporations.
B、The destruction of the classical free market.
C、The development of large bureaucracies, both private and governmental.
D、Technological development and the economic growth dependent on it.
答案 D
解析 由题干中的great changes和economic systems定位至第三段第一句。细节辨认题。根据定位句可知，技术的发展以及依赖技术发展的经济增长使得古典经济学家所描述的经济体系发生了巨大变化。因此D“技术的发展以及依赖技术发展的经济增长”为本题答案。
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