首页
登录
职称英语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creat
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creat
游客
2023-07-25
56
管理
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement“switched on” a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would“smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. [br] According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.
选项
A、a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B、the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C、their strong desire to solve complex problems
D、a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。文章最后一句指出婴儿之所以会学习某些行为是由于解决问题所取得的成功,这是人类感知世界并有意识地掌控世界的基本冲动。A选项正是这一句的同义改写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2868723.html
相关试题推荐
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
AproverballegedlyfromancientChinawaswidelyspreadintheWest:"Ifyo
AproverballegedlyfromancientChinawaswidelyspreadintheWest:"Ifyo
随机试题
关于财政政策与货币政策的政策时滞性,下列说法中正确的是( )。A.财政政策的决策
“我们播下一个动作,收获一个习惯。播下一个习惯,便收获一种品格”,这启示我们公民
A.脐带先露 B.脐带脱垂 C.脐带缠绕 D.脐带长度异常 E.脐带扭转
A.子宫颈刮片细胞学检查 B.阴道镜检查 C.子宫颈碘试验 D.子宫颈及子
公路收费权、学校收费权等属于银行存量押品种类的()。A.金融质押品 B.
A.虎杖B.怀牛膝C.益母草D.郁金E.丹参既活血定痛,祛风利湿,又清热解毒,化
隔离开关绝缘子断裂异常和故常处理中,绝缘子断裂引起小电流接地系统单相接地时:接地
1991-141.1999-147.天台乌药散的功用是 A.行气疏肝B.燥湿
下列各项中,属于长期待摊费用的是()。A.租入的使用权资产发生的改良支出
下述疾病中不会引起漏出性胸腔积液的是A.心力衰竭 B.低蛋白血症 C.肝硬化
最新回复
(
0
)