首页
登录
职称英语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creat
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creat
游客
2023-07-25
84
管理
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement“switched on” a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would“smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. [br] According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.
选项
A、a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B、the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C、their strong desire to solve complex problems
D、a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。文章最后一句指出婴儿之所以会学习某些行为是由于解决问题所取得的成功,这是人类感知世界并有意识地掌控世界的基本冲动。A选项正是这一句的同义改写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2868723.html
相关试题推荐
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Thecomputeriswidelyusedinall【B1】______ofsociety.Todaythecomputeri
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreat
AproverballegedlyfromancientChinawaswidelyspreadintheWest:"Ifyo
AproverballegedlyfromancientChinawaswidelyspreadintheWest:"Ifyo
随机试题
PassageThree[br]Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcoaching?Itmeansmoreexperien
[originaltext]Goodmorning.TodayI’dliketotalkaboutelectroniccigaret
[originaltext]Englandisnotabigcountry:fromnorthtosouthandfromea
The【B1】______profession,or"showbusiness",attractsmanyyoungpeople.【B2】
对于如下所示的有向图,其邻接矩阵是一个(请作答此空)的矩阵,采用邻接链表存储时顶
空洞是肺内病变组织发生坏死后经引流支气管排出并吸入气体所形成的,下列关于空洞的说
下列无形资产中,评估值较高的有( )。 A.技术比较成熟的无形资产 B.运
账面价值法是指公司总资产减去()即为公司的账面价值,但要评估标的公司的真
A.竹叶青 B.海蛇 C.尖吻蝮蛇 D.蝰蛇 E.眼镜蛇分泌的蛇毒属混合
共用题干 某市政府将一宗闲置土地使用权无偿收回,提供给甲房地产开发企业(以下简
最新回复
(
0
)