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The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countr

游客2023-07-05  45
问题     The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one primary cause of the po or U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
    As education improved, humanity’ s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’ t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’ t developing more quickly there than it is. [br] A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that______.
选项 A、the Japanese workforce is better disciplined
B、the Japanese workforce is more productive
C、the U.S workforce has a better education
D、the U.S workforce is more organized
答案 B
解析 细节题。短文第二段指出Japan was，and remains，the global leader inautomotive．assembly productivity．Yet the research revealed that the U．S．factories ofHonda，Nissan，and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of theirJapanese counterpans—a result of the training that U．S．workers received on the job．即在全球，不管过去还是现在，日本一直是汽车组装生产力的领袖。然而，研究表明本田、尼桑和丰田位于美国工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的95％，这是美国工人接受在职培训的结果。这说明日本工人的生产劳动率更高，所以选项B正确。根据The U．S．workforce was derided as poody educated…可排除选项C：选项A、D在文中没有提及，故也可排除。所以选B。
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