中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是,姓总是在前,名跟在其后。千百年来,父姓一直世代相传。然而,如今,孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说,名有一个或

游客2023-06-23  44

问题    中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是,姓总是在前,名跟在其后。千百年来,父姓一直世代相传。然而,如今,孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说,名有一个或两个汉字,通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人,或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名,因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

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答案    The full name of the Han people in China consists of family name and given name. A characteristic of Chinese names is that the family name always comes first and is followed by the given name. For thousands of years, the father’s family name has been passed down from generation to generation. Today, however, it’s not uncommon for a child to take the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, each given name includes one or two Chinese characters, which usually reflects the parents’ expectations of the child. From children’s names, it can be inferred what kind of people the parents want their children to be or what kind of life they expect their children to live. Parents attach great importance to naming their children for the reason that names will be the children’s lifelong company.

解析 1.第一句中,“中国汉族人的”为定语,修饰主语“全名”,可用of引出,译为of the Han people in China。“由A和B组成”一般译为consist of A and B(主动语态)或be made up of A and B(被动语态)。“全名”有固定的译法the full name。
2.第二句中的“姓总是在前,名跟在其后”可以处理为表语从句,用that引导。
3.第三句中的“一直”暗示本句用现在完成时。“父姓”是“被人们世代相传”,因此应选用被动语态。“世代相传”有多种译法,常见的有be passed down from generation to generation/from one generation to the next。
4.第四句中,“……并不罕见”可保留原有的双重否定,译为it’s not uncommon…。“跟……姓”可译为take one’s family name/surname。
5.第五句句首的“一般来说”常用generally speaking来表达,也可更简单地译为generally,其后用逗号与句子主干隔开。句子主干是两个小分句,可直接译成两个并列分句,用and连接,即each given name includes one or two Chinese characters and it often reflects the parents’expectations of the child。也可像参考译文那样,将第二个分句处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句,对“名”进行进一步说明。
6.第六句没有主语,需要增译主语we/people或译成被动语态it can be inferred…。
7.第七句中,“非常重视给孩子取名”可译为attach great importance/much significance to naming their children。
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