[originaltext]　　In April, 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a

　　In April, 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a document in the Federal Register, which would regulate electronic cigarettes nationally as a tobacco product, including age restrictions similar to those for conventional cigarettes. The proposed rule will be enforceable once it is finalized. (16) Originally, e-cigarettes were designed as an aid to quit smoking conventional cigarettes. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and is present in most e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes also contain cancer-causing substances. Are they effective in helping people quit smoking? Until large, controlled trials are conducted, no one will know for sure. (17) We do know that e-cigarette manufacturers have been very clever in marketing to middle and high school students with colorful packaging, fun flavors and cool accessories. Some researches warn that e-cigarettes are a gateway device for nicotine addiction among youth. In a study of nearly 40 000 youths around the US, the authors concluded that, "Use of e-cigarettes does not discourage, and may encourage, conventional cigarette use among US adolescents. " (18) Dr. Janie Heath, an expert on the effects of tobacco on smokers, offers this insight into the problem; "When we look at 95 percent of individuals that smoke cigarettes, they all started before the age 21. So, there’s the likelihood of these younger ones starting on electronic cigarettes, and wanting to have more and more of a hit." Dr. Heath also warns that "It’s harder to help individuals quit smoking than to get them off crack cocaine, heroin or any of the other drugs." (19) Celebrities will resist the allure of advertising e-cigarettes in magazines, and also in movies, knowing that their advertisements have a powerful effect on teenagers.
　　16. What does the speaker say about the electronic cigarettes?
　　17. How do e-cigarette manufacturers attract the middle and high school students?
　　18. What bad effect will e-cigarettes have on teenagers according to Dr. Heath?
　　19. What will the celebrities do to the e-cigarettes?