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  3. 共用题干 Ebola Outbreak1. You are likely aw

共用题干 Ebola Outbreak1. You are likely aw

练习题库2022-08-02  41
问题 共用题干Ebola Outbreak
1. You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Eb-ola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the vi-rus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus。
2. To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:Si-erra Leone,Liberia and Guinea. However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola with their border.
3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries,your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids .Though the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhib-iting symptoms is communicable.
4. The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection .Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.
5. Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制）, making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注）ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria（疟疾）are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infec-tions.Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.The initial Ebola outbreak was found in______.A: infected body fluidsB: against the outbreak severityC: the mode of transmissionD: the initial days of being infectedE: three countries in West AfricaF: within a wide range of days
选项 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in______.
A: infected body fluids
B: against the outbreak severity
C: the mode of transmission
D: the initial days of being infected
E: three countries in West Africa
F: within a wide range of days
答案 E
解析 第二段第一句提到“there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone , Liberia and Guinea”，即埃博拉病毒主要在西非三个国家肆虐，其他国家也有埃博拉确诊病例的报道。由此可知，本段主要讲的是感染埃博拉的地区，故选D。
第三段首先提到Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries（除非你最近去过西非感染埃博拉的三个国家中的一个），否则你感染到埃博拉的风险是零，然后介绍了埃博拉的传播方式。所以，本段主要讲感染埃博拉的风险，故选A。
第四段主要介绍的是感染埃博拉的症状：恶心、虚弱、胃痛，不寻常的症状有胸痛、流血、或喉呢痛，以此可以判断是否可能已感染了埃博拉病毒，故选C。
第五段主要介绍的是埃博拉病毒是怎样对机体造成危害的：它会破坏人体的每一个器官，会过度刺激人体的炎症反应。故E项符合题意。
由第二段首句“…there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak…”可知埃博拉疫情首先在西非的塞拉利昂、利比里亚和几内亚三个国家爆发，故选E。
由第三段第二句“Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola vi-rus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person”可知，SARS是通过空气传播的，而埃博拉是通过直接接触已被感染的病人传播的，两者的传播方式不同，故选C。
由第四段第二句“Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection”可知，感染埃博拉的症状可能最早在感染后两天或晚至三周才会显现，说明潜伏的天数不等，故本题应选F。
由第三段第三句“Specifically , Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids.”可知，埃博拉病毒通过接触被感染者的体液传播，故选A。
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