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  3. 共用题干 First Self-contained Heart Implant

共用题干 First Self-contained Heart Implant

练习题库2022-08-02  29
问题 共用题干First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
选项 Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案 A
解析 题意：第一例人工心脏移植的泵是由钦和塑料制成的。根据文章第二段第一句Two surgeons...titanium and plastic pump可知，路易斯维尔大学的两位外科医生将钦和塑料的泵植入病人体内，所以题干叙述正确。故本题选A。


题意：植入人工心脏后，病人的生命有望维持更长几年的时间。根据文章第三段第一句后半句...they expected... person's life by only a month可知，医生们表示他们只指望人工心脏能延长病人一个月的生命，所以题干叙述错误。故本题选B。


题意：整套装在一起的人工心脏与机械式人工心脏的结构没有区别。文章第一段后半句a battery-powered device... without...说明了整套装在一起的人工心脏的结构，第四段第一句后半句mechanical hearts...were attached by...说明了机械式人工心脏的结构，从中可看出二者在动力、大小、是否需要电线及软管与体外连接都不同，所以题干叙述错误。故本题选B。


题意：美国心脏病学会推荐广泛使用整套装在一起的人工心脏。根据文章第五段第二句he said the dream...is not yet a reality... obviously an experimental device...可知美国心脏病学会主席Faxon博士认为可植入的永久的人工心脏还无法成为现实，整套装在一起的人工心脏只是试验性的装置，其能否长期成功还有待证实，所以题干叙述错误。故本题选B。


题意：David Faxon博士相信可植入的永久性人工心脏将来一定会开发出来。上题已经分析指出“Faxon博士认为可植入的永久的人工心脏无法成为现实”，所以题干叙述错误。故本题选B。


题意：去年美国有大约2,100位病人接受了心脏移植手术。根据文章第五段最后一句Only about half of the 4 , 200 Americans... received...可知，等待别人捐献心脏的 4,200位病人中大约有一半的人得到捐献，所以题干叙述正确。故本题选A。


题意：有些医生认为人工心脏不太可能替代捐献的心脏。根据文章倒数第二段A donor heart...be hard to replace that with a machine...可知，移植手术非常成功的话，接受捐献心脏的病人能活15至30年，而机器在这一点上很难达到，所以题干叙述正确。故本题选A。
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