2. 学历类
  3. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as

题库2022-08-02  41
问题 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing:A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups.More important,guilt is deeply uncomfortable-it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Who would inflict it upon a child?Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”Vaish says,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness（think mania）can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy（and its close cousin empathy）may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study,for example,Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children,ages 4,8,and 12.Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions（like guilt and sadness）after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity,or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”According to Paragraph 2,many people still guilt to be_________.A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeD.inexcusable
选项 A.deceptive
B.addictive
C.burdensome
D.inexcusable
答案 D
解析 本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的many people still consider guilt to be定位到原文第二段的第一和第二句，原文的in the popular imagination与题干中的many people still consider是同义转化，紧接着第二句继续说it is deeply uncomfortable-it’s emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones,意思是内疚感是让人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿着石头那么重的夹克在情感上的对等物，意思就是内疚感让人感到很沉重，有负担，而正确答案D的burdensome正是是原文内容的同义替换。A是不可原谅的，B是欺骗，C是上瘾的，都不符合文意。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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