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  3. Text 2 Internet service providers have r

Text 2 Internet service providers have r

考试题库2022-08-02  28
问题 Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.Which of the following statements about privacy is true?A.It affects individual activities more than social operations.B.It benefiis marginalized groups but hurts the mainstream.C.It conflicts with the pursuit of intellectual freedoms.D.It contributes to the advancement of society.
选项 A.It affects individual activities more than social operations.
B.It benefiis marginalized groups but hurts the mainstream.
C.It conflicts with the pursuit of intellectual freedoms.
D.It contributes to the advancement of society.
答案 D
解析 [信息锁定]第二段①句提出作者观点：隐私不仅有益于个体，还从根本上影响社会运作。②至⑤句具体解释：隐私保护有益于边缘群体和社会运动（往往是推动社会进步的力量），隐私威胁损害知识自由以及我们推动社会进步的能力。可见D.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第二段①句privacy doesn't merely.…it…（不仅仅……而且……）所含“递进逻辑”篡改为“对比逻辑（affec1．．．morethan.…）”。B.由第二段②句“隐私有益于边缘群体”主观推出“隐私伤及主流群体”，却与末句“隐私助益知识自由和社会进步／对整个社会有益”相悖。C.与第二段①⑤句“隐私受到威胁时人们会改变其行为，这危及知识自由（即：隐私有益于追求知识自由）”完全相悖。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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