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  3. Text 2 Internet service providers have r

Text 2 Internet service providers have r

资格题库2022-08-02  56
问题 Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.According to Paragraph l,Congress intends to____.A.protect citizens'personal dataB.monitor advertisers'online activitiesC.allow ISPs to sell users'dataD.approve the FCC's privacy rules
选项 A.protect citizens'personal data
B.monitor advertisers'online activities
C.allow ISPs to sell users'data
D.approve the FCC's privacy rules
答案 C
解析 [信息锁定]第一段首先暗示互联网服务供应商行为“将用户在线活动数据卖给广告商”；随后引出联邦通信委员会对策“规定未经个人许可不得出售其在线活动数据”；最后指出国会近日决策“否决联邦通信委员会的监管规定”。可见，国会再度赋予了互联网服务供应商出售用户数据的权利，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.对首段②句前半句偷梁换柱：保护公民个人数据的是“FCC”而非“国会”。B.扭曲首段①句关系：将“ISP监控用户在线行为”改为“国会监控广告商在线行为”。D.与首段②句后半句相悖：国会是“否决了（shot down）”而非“通过了（approved）”FCC规定。
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英语二研究生

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