Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Mal

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问题 Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?A.The eagerness to be acceptedB.The impulse to influence othersC.The readiness to be influencedD.The inclination to rely on others

选项 A.The eagerness to be accepted
B.The impulse to influence others
C.The readiness to be influenced
D.The inclination to rely on others

答案 C

解析根据题干，线索定位到最后一段，“那些被称为风靡全球的影响的现象的主要条件不是一小部分‘潮人’，而是一大部分容易受影响的人”，the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people。这是作者批驳了The Tipping Point中的老观点后提出的新观点。A选项未谈及渴望被人接受的问题；B选项impulse，属于对第四段第一句的曲解；D选项在文章中找不到反应rely on的依据【补充】本题考查细节，考查考生的细节辨别能力，注意选项与原文的同义替换。

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Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Mal

英语一研究生

研究生入学