The information commissioner gave Facebo

资格题库2022-08-02 42

问题 The information commissioner gave Facebook a rap over the knuckles earlier this month,putting the company on notice of likely fines-the equivalent of a few minutes'revenue-for breaches of privacy.On Wednesday the European commission gave Google a vigorous correction,fining it￠4.3 billion for abusing its market dominance with the AndrOJd operating system which powers the overwhelming majority of the world's mobile phones.Google is appealing.The billions of euros at stake aside,it is easy to see why.Google gives most of Android away,not only to the consumers who use it,but to the companies that build their phones around it.As the company points out,there are more than 24,000 competing Android phones available today,from 1,300 companies.How can that possibly constitute a harmful monopoly?Besides,Google has real competition in the smartphone world from Apple.At the same time,these are exactly the factors that make the commission's decision so interesLing and significant.For Google's business to work,it must become as easy as possible for advertisers to reach users.That is the purpose of all the software that Google gives away,from the Android operating system,through to YouTube,Google search on phones and the Chrome browser.This might look like a cross-subsidy,but on the other hand it is the heart of the company's business.The software that Google gives away is not designed to make a profit on its own.This free version does not include the bits that make a phone useful for anything but making telephone calls,and this was the weak spot in Google's defence.None of the enticements-the mail,the search,the maps and the browser-are included.These can only be used with a proprietary chunk of software that Google controls;and manufacturers who want to use the Play store and 11 crucial Google apps must agree not to build so much as a single phone that does not include them.It is all or nothing.This licensing trick is the way in which Google has undoubtedly limited competition.The commission's decision to punish it probably comes too late to undo the damage it has done.All digital businesses tend towards a monopoly,and this is in part because in some important ways they benefit consumers more the larger they grow.Yet as customers we pay for this in other ways and as citizens even more so,not least because the companies fattened by monopoly profits grow too large to fail and too powerful to challenge.There is a public interest in preventing any company from acquiring almost unlimited power.Regulation defends democracy.The author's attitude toward the commcssion's decision isA.cautious.B.ambiguous.C.sarcastic.D.supportive.

选项 A.cautious.
B.ambiguous.
C.sarcastic.
D.supportive.

答案 D

解析作者对欧委会决定的态度集中体现于第五段。该段①②句指出数字公司走向垄断的趋势及不良后果，③句强调阻止公司形成垄断的重要性，④句提及监管的重大作用。可见，作者对于“采取措施监管数字公司，避免其构成垄断”持肯定态度，作者赞成欧委会的处罚决定，D.正确。另外，由前文“作者对谷歌辩解的反驳和揭示”也可以推知“作者对欧委会决定的支持”。[解题技巧]其他各项均未能整体把握作者态度，仅根据文中的片段信息推断得出。A.由第二、三段对谷歌的辩解和业务模式的介绍过度推断出“作者认为欧委会做决定时应充分了解谷歌的立场和运作模式，故持谨慎态度”。B.由第四段“作者既批判谷歌的授权把戏，又指出欧委会的处罚无法挽回损失”错误推导出作者态度含糊，没有明确立场。C.将第三段①句make the commission's decision so interesting和第四段⑥句comes too late to undo the damage曲解为作者是在讽刺和否定欧委会的决定。

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The information commissioner gave Facebo

英语一研究生

研究生入学