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  3. The development,hundreds of years ago,of

The development,hundreds of years ago,of

资格题库2022-08-02  36
问题 The development,hundreds of years ago,of ship and cargo insurance was revolutionary.It marked the start of commercial insurance;protection against loss from fire and the perils of the high seas fostered global trade.But in the 21st century the value of companies consists less of solid objects,such as boats and buildings,than of intangible elements,such as intellectual property,data and reputation."Today the most valuable assets are more likely to be stored in the cloud than in a warehouse,"says Inga Beale,chief executive of Lloyd's of London.As the importance of intangibles has grown,so has companies'need to protect themselves against"intangible risks"of two types:damage to intangible assets（eg,reputational harm caused by a tweet or computer hack）;or posed by them（say,physical damage or theft resulting from a cyberattack）.Companies are not oblivious.Respondents to a survey last year by Aon,an insurance broker,ranked reputation as their top risk and cyber-risk as their fifth.But there is a big difference between how risk managers perceive such risks and how boards do.And if firms do seek insurance against some of these risks,insurers have not exactly been giving them too many novel products.Even when policies are labelled"innovative"it's usually to insure physical assets in the sharing economy rather than intangibles.But in a world where Airbnb,in effect the world's largest hotel chain,owns no hotels and Uber,its largest taxi firm,owns no cabs,such policies are of limited use.Those that do protect assets such as data,IP and reputation are often expensive and custom-made,and include strict exclusions and lrmits.Insurers'caution is understandable.Intangible risks are not only new and comple）c"They're a bit like not-yet-set jelly,"says Julia Graham of Airmic."Their shape constantly changes."Underwriters like to look at past data on events'frequency as well as clients'current exposure-which may be next to impossible when assessing the risk and impact of a cyberattack,or a scandal,which would have been very differently priced even a couple of years ago.But some underwriters are starting to come up with more suitable policies.One is parametric cover,which pays a fixed amount automatically after a defined event,such as a hack.The advantage of such policies is that they can provide cash quickly,meeting an immediate need after misfortune strikes.The downside is that these products tend to cover only a share of damages.Companies also have to do more to protect themselves.Just as insurance was only part of the answer to fire and maritime risk,it is only part of the answer to modern perils.Plenty of cyber-breaches could doubtless have been avoided if software had simply been kept up to date.Insurers need to catch up with the intangible age;but so do their clients.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests thatA.parametric cover performs quite well in assessing the costs of misfortune.B.companies need to buy several types of insurance to protect themselves.C.companies and insurers should work together to protect against intangible risks.D.insurers should keep updating their software to protect the privacy of their clients.
选项 A.parametric cover performs quite well in assessing the costs of misfortune.
B.companies need to buy several types of insurance to protect themselves.
C.companies and insurers should work together to protect against intangible risks.
D.insurers should keep updating their software to protect the privacy of their clients.
答案 C
解析 第六段指出：企业也须努力保护自己，保险只是现代风险的“部分答案”；保险商需跟上无形时代步伐，它们的客户（即企业）也应如此。可见作者认为企业和保险公司应共同防范无形风险,C.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第五段首句suitable policies断章取义为“参数化保险擅长评估不幸事件的成本”，但由下文可知，参数化保险采用的是“赔偿固定数额”，而不能“有效评估成本”，它只是一种“相对更合适的保险”。B.将第六段首句companies also have to do more to protect themselves（公司需更加努力保护自己免于无形风险）错误理解为“公司应购买多个险种”。D.将末段③句所述“企业做法——更新软件”张冠李戴为“保险公司做法”，并捏造出“保护客户隐私”这一无关信息。
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