首页
登录
公务员类
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the E
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the E
资格题库
2022-08-02
118
问题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice. Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes. Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a further increase in temperature.It can be concluded from information contained in the passage that the average temperature at an altitude of 1 kilometer above the Earth is about _____.A.15℃B.9℃C.2.5℃D.-12℃
选项
A.15℃
B.9℃
C.2.5℃
D.-12℃
答案
B
解析
根据文中第三段第一句的信息:“Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s surface where the average temperature is about 15℃”可以推断,海拔一千米处的平均气温大约为12℃以下,选项B 9℃最接近,因此选择B项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/gongwuyuan/2635699.html
本试题收录于:
英语言文学 军队文职题库军队文职人员招聘分类
英语言文学 军队文职
军队文职人员招聘
相关试题推荐
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheE
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheE
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheE
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheE
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheE
随机试题
"Good-bye,MissLiu.I’mverypleased______."A、tomeetyouB、tohavemetyouC、
______theconsequence,Iwillbeonyourside.A、HoweverB、NomatterhowC、Nomat
What’stheproblemtheworldisnowfacing?Theworldisnotonlyhungrybutit
下列行为中,属于正规出版活动的是( )。A.研究员李某在自己的博客上发表《物价
任何科学真理都不能穷尽对事物的认识,都是随着实践的发展而发展的。这说明真理都具有
通信中的噪声可分为()。A.热噪声 B.冷噪声 C.冲击噪声 D.电
贷款本息全部还清后,相关部门应在贷款本息收回后( )日内形成书面总结。A.3
炭粒廓清试验常用来检测A.巨噬细胞功能B.中性粒细胞功能C.T细胞功能D.细胞功
肠道蛔虫病患者的临床表现不包括A.夜间磨牙 B.间歇性脐周疼痛 C.咳嗽
分泌胃蛋白酶原的胃黏膜细胞是A:壁细胞 B:G细胞 C:嗜银细胞 D:主细
最新回复
(
0
)