首页
登录
职称英语
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created
游客
2024-11-26
30
管理
问题
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge.
Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with casual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Facebook—rather than in private text messages to people who know their senses of humor—the sarcasm disconnect is even greater.
"My work e-mail is down. I’m devastated," or, "because that was so much fun the last time we did it," could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has driven some people to create special symbols and characters to clearly mark their snark.
And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isn’t. Defined as stating the opposite of what is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and marketers who create computer programs to analyze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians.
Sarcasm "is one of the toughest problems in computing," says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of Southern California.
Computer programming follows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesn’t.
That is the hurdle faced by USC’s Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdisciplinary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The lab’s "Twitter Sentiment Analysis" project unites linguists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who share their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the political season to try to teach a computer to better understand the true sentiment behind tweets.
"If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier," says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which is sponsored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros, and other companies.
All data-mining services—or "online sentiment listeners," as they are sometimes called—rely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and human analysts.
Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and symbols such as exclamation marks or emoticons—keyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions.
Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading, says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital marketing agency 360i. Ms. Paulin says working for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smileyface value.
Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamation mark—as opposed to multiple marks—may actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she says.
Lovers of sarcasm who like to tweet are taking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was "devastated" to lose her work e-mail on Tuesday, calls sarcasm "a religion." Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fashion label’s social outreach— and the popular @ dkny twitter feed—she needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor.
So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm—"(* S)"—and uses it to let her followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing email. "We can’t read tonality in text, and it’s a problem," she says.
When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in emails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak. an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a market: He since has created the "SarcMark," an upside-down lowercase E with a dot in the center, helpful for things that might actually not have been "so much fun the last time we did it." He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts. [br] ______is NOT helpful in understanding sarcasms.
选项
A、Computer programming
B、Human analysts
C、Emoticons
D、Keyboard characters
答案
D
解析
细节题。由题干定位至第十段。根据“emoticons—keyboard characters that,when typed together,convey smiles,winks or other expressions”可知,只有当键盘字符(keyboard characters)组合使用才能用来表示表情符号,键盘字符本身和sarcasms没有直接关系,故选[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3861670.html
相关试题推荐
Sincethedawnofe-mail,usingsarcasmindigitalcommunicationhascreated
Sincethedawnofe-mail,usingsarcasmindigitalcommunicationhascreated
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefictioncreatedbyVirginiaWoolf?A、TheWaves.
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Introduction:
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Introduction:
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Introduction:
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Introduction:
TeachingMethodsforEffectiveCommunicationI.Introduction:
Digitalwalletsandmobilepaymentsolutionsarenowadimeadozen,buthar
Digitalwalletsandmobilepaymentsolutionsarenowadimeadozen,buthar
随机试题
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Businessesshoulddo
[originaltext]Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeo
B
按照房源的交易形式划分,房源不包括()。A.出租房源 B.出售房源 C.
电抗器如使用金属围栏则应留有防止产生感应电流的间隙;电抗器()及其他导电体的最小
纠纷发生后,下列不属于仲裁案件受理条件的是()。A、有仲裁协议B、有具体的仲裁
在思想、情感、态度和行为上主动接受他人的影响,使自己的态度和行为与他人相接近称为
根据《民法典》规定,格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定,并在订立合同时未与对
(2015年真题)某室内声源围护结构处1000Hz的声压级为90dB,窗户的隔声
男,35岁。左上腹被拖拉机撞伤后钝痛1天,突发左上腹剧痛3小时。查体:P140
最新回复
(
0
)