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  3. Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions a

Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions a

游客2023-11-22  84
问题      Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D. C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
     The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said.
     The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.
     The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language:
     But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world’s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Plc, Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal’s Universal Music and Sony Corp.
     Results of the APA’s experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. "Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges," said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.
     While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time. [br] Which of the following statements is true?
选项 A、The researchers’ work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.
B、The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.
C、The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.
D、The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.
答案 B
解析 事实细节题。第四段谈到：音乐产业遭到了立法者的谴责，因为他们没有依照父母的建议运用更多的描述性的标签来详细说明音乐中是否含有性、暴力以及强硬的言语。根据这段话，可以断定B 是对的。A 不对是因为该研究是根据实验得出的结果；C 不对，因为暂时还不能确定唱片标签没有足够的提示，这是一方面的意见，而美国唱片工业协会声称：流行CD的标签在确保自由表达权利的前提下，已给父母们提供了足够的信息。D 未提及。
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