Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on

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问题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children 【C1】______in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status【C5】______ as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children disadvantaged families,【C6】______ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C8】______ to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home 【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17 】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act;【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C9】

选项 A、affect
B、reduce
C、chock
D、reflect

答案 A

解析 affect意为“影响”，符合句意。

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